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Most stars in our Universe live in Binary and multiple systems. Understanding these objects is critical for practically all fields of astrophysics. The presence of a companion significantly alters the evolution of a star and results in a plethora of unusual objects including type Ia supernovae, symbiotic stars, classical novae, or post-common-envelope systems. Observations of the binary stars enable us to directly determine masses, radii, and luminosities of stars. These are necessary inputs for all models of stellar structure and evolution. The presence of binary and multiple systems affects all galactic environments including stellar associations, open and globular clusters.