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There is a peculiar dissonance in current discourses on innovation. On the one hand, the label “innovation” is applied to almost every kind of phenomenon. New products, processes, services, methods, techniques, and even the market entry or the social diffusion of these innovations, are called “innovations.” Moreover, it is common simply to use the notion as a general metaphor for a change in mindsets, organizations, or entire societies. On the other hand, we find that most research on innovation is focused on the narrow “technology goes economic market” slot of innovation. This research bias results in a lack of indicators and concepts of non-technological and non-economic form of innovations, which still exists today. This contradiction gave rise to the central questions discussed at the Second International Conference on Indicators and Concepts of Innovation on “Non-Technological and Non-Economic Innovations” hosted by the Competence Center for Management at Berne School of Business and Administration in July 2008: – Why do we know so little about non-technological and non-economic innovations so far? What impact does this bias have on societies and economic performance? – What forms and dimensions of non-technological and non-economic innovations can be found both in literature and empirically? What impact should these findings have on current concepts of innovation? – Are there innovations without a non-technological and non-economic dimension, viz. purely technological or economic innovations?