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Silicon nanoparticles are known to be promising biocompatible and biodegradable agents for both diagnostics and therapy of cancer. Efficient photoluminescence allows to achieve optical bioimaging, while generation of singlet oxygen by nanoparticles opens framework for cancer photodynamic therapy. The biodegradability of nanoparticles is demonstrated to be related to their dissolution in aqueous suspensions, but physico-chemical processes are still unclear. This work is devoted to qualitative characterization of the process and estimation of key parameters, i.e. dissolution rate, photoluminescent quantum yield, size of nanoparticles, surface composition, etc. during storage in aqueous mediums by means of photoluminescent spectroscopy.