ИСТИНА

Due to the urgency of the problem of using the natural resources the evaluation of climatic resources of solar radiation - one of the main renewable energy sources, the use of which is not accompanied by harmful effects on the environment – requires. On the basis of long-term (1954-2012) actinometric observations in Meteorological Observatory of Moscow State University the evaluation of the solar radiation resources with current climate change in the Moscow region is presented. The detailed analysis of the regime and the variability of the total radiation (Q) in cloudless and cloudy atmosphere and meteorological parameters defining them (cloudiness and sunshine duration (SSD)) were done. When the sky is clear during a year about 5590 MJ/m2 may be received to the earth's surface in the Moscow region, and 40-45% of this annual amount of Q fall on summer period. In reality, the annual sums of Q ranged from 4065 MJ/m2 (1963) to 3346 MJ/m2 (1990), and the long-term average amount is equal to 3662 MJ/m2. The share of the scattered component accounted for 56% of the total flux. The sun shines an average of about 1760 hours a year, which is only 39% of the possible SSD. The variation coefficient of annual sums of Q is 5% and the SSD - 10%. Annual averages there is about 100 cloudy days. The average annual amount of total clouds is 8,1, and low one is 6,0. It is shown that the potential of solar energy in the Moscow region is suitable for use from April to September, the most effective period from May to July. At this time of year the maximum probability of occurrence of continuous sunshine duration 6 hours or greater is observed (> 45%). Analysis of trends in long-term variability of total radiation indicates an increase in solar power resources in Moscow and region in early of the XXI century.