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Introduction: Few cohort studies have longitudinal measures of male growth and fatness, pubertal, physical development and physical activity. The Russian Children’s Study is a unique longitudinal cohort that has followed boys from age 8 to 20 years. Design/Methods: In 2003-2005, 516 boys in Chapaevsk, Russia, were recruited at ages 8-9 years (86% of eligible boys residing in Chapaevsk, 16 of 16 primary schools) and followed annually until 20 years of age. The participation rate has been high with retention rates of >75% after 6-yrs and 64% after 9 yrs (ages 17-18). The same study physician and nurse performed all examinations over the entire study period (total 4723 visits). Our biannual measurements included height, weight, 12 measures of linear growth, 9 diameters, 16 circumferences and 15 skinfolds and annually we measured 24 parameters. We assessed pubarche and genitalia by Tanner staging and measured testicular volume at each visit as indicators of pubertal maturation. Body composition was determined with bioimpedence analysis (BIA) using an 8-electrode Tanita BC-418 (Tanita, Japan). 2172 serum samples from 473 boys aged 8-20 years were analyzed for hormones, including total testosterone, estradiol, LH, FSH, DHEAS, free T4, TSH, prolactin and SHBG, and 605 serum samples from 487 boys at ages 10–13 years were analyzed for glucose, insulin, lipids (total cholesterol), triglycerides, IGF-1 and leptin. Health questionnaires were completed annually with detailed questions of physical activity. Results: We generated longitudinal curves of height, weight, BMI, height velocity, and weight gain from ages 8-20 years in this cohort by age and according to pubertal stage. We also generated reference data for fat mass, fat free mass, and predicted muscle mass by BIA and compared these measures to estimated fat mass calculated from skinfold measurements. Hormones curves were established by age and puberty. Association of physical activity and fatness was evaluated. Conclusions: Our data enabled us to construct longitudinal charts of growth, pubertal and physical development in this unique cohort of Russian boys followed from ages 8-20 years. Ongoing studies will examine serial changes in fat and muscle growth by BIA and hormonal measures and assess the impact of life-style and environmental exposures on growth, puberty, fatness and consequent fertility in this cohort.
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