ИСТИНА

A wide public discussion of foreign and domestic policy of the current US administration, the actual revival and implementation of many of the ideas of the conservative trend in American political philosophy prompts us to look at the history of the development of American conservatism and analyze it, identify the origins, consider the directions and varieties of conservative ideology in US political philosophy. Starting from the traditionalist trend in American conservatism and ending with modern libertarian, neoconservative and paleoconservative ones, conservatism as a framed political ideology was born in political thought of The United States not so long ago – in the early 50’s of the XX century, with the publication of the book The Conservative Mind by a “father of modern American conservatism” Russell Kirk in 1953. Throughout his lifetime, Kirk wrote 32 monographs in which he studied, among other things, “American National Cultural Tradition”. Literally in an instant on historical scales, in several years, conservatism was able to firmly establish itself in the political philosophy and in the political arena of the United States. At the same time, already in the late 1950s, the first discrepancies between various representatives of American conservatism have become apparent, which resulted in the formation of various trends and branches in the philosophy of American conservatism. Over time, the departure from Kirk’s traditionalist conservatism became more and more explicit, which predetermined the whole diversity of the conservative direction in the US political philosophy – neoconservatives, paleoconservatives, traditionalist conservatives and even libertarians identify themselves as conservatives. The ideology of American conservatism in all its branches and varieties is represented by The Republican Party – one of the two leading parties, which currently controls in the great extent the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government in the United States.