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Large-scale landslides in mountainous regions can create high natural dams re-sulting in valleys inundation and subsequent disastrous outburst floods that can devastate entire valleys and cause serious problems for the hydraulic schemes lo-cated far downstream. Thus, it is very important to identify sites where such damming could occur in the catchment areas of rivers, where artificial dams and reservoirs are constructed. Case study from the Vakhsh River catchment is pre-sented where evidence of an extremely large slope instability have been identified. Its safety factor was determined considering possibility of an earthquake occur-rence in this tectonically active region. Height of the anticipated natural dam and volume of dammed lake were estimated as well based on the empirical relation-ships. Measures aimed to mitigate the potential risks are proposed.