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Neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) 1 is a myristoylated membrane-binding protein capable of detecting Ca2+ signals and mediating various signaling pathways in neurons. NCS1 was commonly found in retinal neurons including rods and cones, but its function in photoreception remained unspecified. To discover unique features of photoreceptor NCS1, in this work we compared primary structure of NCS1 transcripts and protein products obtained from brain tissue and retina of two mammalian species, Bos taurus (bovine) and Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit). We also investigated localization of NCS1 in bovine photoreceptors, examined efficiency and mechanism of its interaction with photoreceptor membranes possessing unique phospholipid and protein composition, and identified potential protein targets of photoreceptor NCS1.