ИСТИНА

The case study of soil-landscape connections as one of the subsystem of structure-forming and functional organization was offered by Dokuchaev and Glinka in the end of 19 century. Soil diversity and its dependence on natural factors (such as relief position, depth of groundwater) has significant practical use as well as scientific interest, because such researches help to understand functional features and landscape potential for planning and management. In this study soils are considered as an indicator of intercomponent interactions and can be used for landscape-cover dynamics monitoring. In the research relief is used as the main factor of differentiation. It determines direction and intensity of material and energy flows as well as defines other components states. The key area is characterized by prevalence of non-draining area type due to bedrock features and flat surfaces. For modeling 256 soil points with determinative attributes were used. DEM (with spatial resolution of 25 meters) was created for derivative features calculation. Thirty DEM-based parameters were calculated in «SAGA» program, the Simulation of Water Erosion model (SIMWE) was calculated in «GRASS GIS». In order to increase percent of accuracy the area was divided into 2 parts – valleys and interfluve positions. Soil-landscape connection simulation was implemented with the use of 3 methods: discriminant analysis, random forest and supported vector machine in «STATISTICA» and «Rstudio». The verification of models was made according to own field surveys, soil maps and by 30% of samples. Obtained models show quantitative soil types dependence on soil-forming factors: relief properties, runoff, SIMWE. The accuracy has variation approximately 6% for interfluve areas and 17% for valleys. In virtue of modeling the prediction of soils for every pixel was made, and according to study of structure of soil cover (Fridland, 1972) morphological structure was derived. Results define that hydromorfic and semi-hydromorfic lands on the interfluve plain occupy more than 80% of the area. The most important factors of differentiation on the interfluve are connected with water distribution and migration while in valleys these factors determine erosion intensity and accumulation. Results consist of series of maps and conclusions that demonstrate the diversity of conditions and the dependence of natural components on each other and morphometric indicators.