ИСТИНА

Extreme hydrological events can be grouped into three categories: high water (mainly flooding), low water, and a sharp change in the quality of natural water [Koronkevich, Barabanova, Zaitseva (eds.), 2010]. Any of them has a wide range of social consequences. Despite the abundance of various data on extreme hydrological events, it is not always clear how these events affect the transformation of local communities and their continued existence. The problem is which social effects should be taken into account first of all. Among the most dangerous extreme hydrological events both in Russia and in the world are floods on large rivers caused by high water levels of rare recurrence. To identify the actualization degree in the scientific literature of these consequences, a content analysis of publications on five major events in different countries (Pakistan (2010); Thailand (2011); Australia (2011); Russia (2012); the USA (2013)) was conducted [Bondarev, Bolkhovitinova, 2019]. It was shown that the most discussed social consequences were the human losses, social solidarity and management problems. The problems of psychological state of the population, horizontal and vertical mobility caused the medium interest. The problems of social conflict, adaptation, health losses were the least described. Generally, we can expect a similar set of social consequences for any extreme hydrological events. However, the range of the problems is determined by the specifics of a particular extreme hydrological event. It is important to note that social consequences of extreme hydrological events can be divided into negative (human and sanitary losses, the deterioration of social and psychological state, etc.) and positive (the activation of social adaptation processes, the growth of social solidarity and the improvement of crisis management tools of the community).