ИСТИНА

The potential approach in nucleus–nucleus collisions, which may have various forms, has been the most widespread approach to describing elastic scattering and direct reactions at energies in the range extending up to 100 MeV per nucleon. The main problem of the potential approach is to construct an effective potential on the basis of model concepts and experimental information about nucleus–nucleus interactions. Modern theoretical view of this approach is presented, including the problem of parameters ambiguity. A semimicroscopic model potential that is widely used approach to constructing an effective potential is discussed in more detail in the Dispersion Optical Model and Distorted Wave Born Approximation. Several examples of this approach for the analysis of recent data on elastic and inelastic scattering, which provide new information about the structure of the excited states of nuclei are considered.