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Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough (DvH) is a strict anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacterium, which can survive different oxidative stresses in the environment and possesses classical (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase) and unique alternative (desulfoferrodoxin, rubrerythrin) antioxidative defense systems. We tested the effect of peroxide on D. vulgaris Hildenborough genes belonging to the PerR regulon. Consequences of cells exposure to various peroxide concentrations on the growth and on the expression of genes encoding crucial protective enzymes were analyzed. It was demonstrated that regulation of the main enzymes of antioxidative defense in DvH at transcriptional and protein levels during oxidative stresses were dose- and time-dependent.