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Due to unlimited proliferation potential and differentiation capacity embryonic stem cells(ESCs) has drawn wide attention for their potential using in replacement therapy of disease in the future. However, ESCs often display spontaneous differentiation in culture thus making the process of expanding these cells highly inefficient. Some recent studies suggest that small molecular compounds may play an important role in the maintenance of ESCs pluripotency. Resveratrol is natural polyphenol found in various plants. A series of researches evidenced that resveratrol possesses various health-benefiting effects, such as anticancer, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Besides, resveratrol has been reported to demonstrate the beneficial effects for mammalian reproduction and to improve the efficiency of reprogramming somatic cells into iPSCs. However limited information is available on the effect of resveratrol in regulating self-renewal and proliferation of ESCs. The present study is aimed at studying the effect of resveratrol on pluripotency and self-renewal of mouse ESCs as well as related mechanisms.