ИСТИНА

The paper explores the modes of competitive and eve adversarial cooperation between Turkey and Russia in Syria, Libya and the Caucasus. Russia and Turkey are backing opposing warring parties in three active conflicts. However, this adversarial positioning has not hindered cooperation between Moscow and Ankara. They reign in opposing sides and, in effect, stage-manage their respective theatres of wars. Since 2015 in Syria and later in Libya and Nagorno-Karabakh, Moscow and Ankara have actively supported opposing warring parties. In each case Russia’s and Turkey’s military actions have strengthened one another and led to domination on their respective sides. The paper analyses the pattern of competitive cooperation that is being established in Syria and turned into a calculated co­operation model that is being implemented in Libya and the South Caucasus.