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Self-diffraction of two types has been discovered in the case of resonant excitation of excitons in CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (highly absorbing colloidal solution) by powerful beams of mode-locked laser with picosecond pulse duration: at the induced circular aperture; at the induced transient diffraction grating. Nonlinear optical properties responsible for the observed self-action effects in CdSe/ZnS quantum dots are discussed and a method for estimating laser pulse duration is suggested.