ИСТИНА

Within the framework of the Moscow University project "Constellation-270", scientific instruments for the cubesat format satellites were developed, including the universal detectors of cosmic radiation DeCoR, DeCoR-2, the KODIZ instrument, which is a combined detector of spaces radiation, spectrometers - photometers AURA and AURA-2, a spectrometer of charged particles SUP. The DeCoR and DeCoR-2 instruments are designed to study fast variations in electron fluxes, as well as gamma-ray bursts of various nature. The DeCoR instrument is a scintillation spectrometer of gamma rays and electrons, its energy range is 0.05 – 2.0 MeV, effective area is about 18 cm2. It successfully operated on satellites of the cubesat format SiriusSat-1,2, AmurSat, VDNKh-80, Norbi, DEKART, etc. The DeCoR-2 instrument is a modified version of the DeCoR instrument, characterized by an increased sensitive area up to ~60 cm2 and a wider energy range of 0.03 – 3.0 MeV. Just like the DeCoR, it basically contains a phoswich detector CsI(Tl)/plastic scintillator. Unlike the DeCoR instrument, both vacuum and semiconductor (silicon) photomultipliers can be used to read signals from a scintillation detector. The instrument has a wide range of options for setting the details of the measurements, depending on the daily data volume available for transmission to Earth. The DeCoR-2 instrument in the version with vacuum photomultipliers are installed on the Skoltech-b1 and Skoltech-b2 satellites of the cubesat 3U format, which were launched into orbit on August 9, 2022. The DeCoR-2 instruments in the version with silicon photodetectors are installed on four satellites developed by Sputniks and Sirius. The launch of this equipment on 3U cubesat satellites is scheduled for 2023. Further modifications of the DeCoR instrument are also being developed, including its addition with a spectrometric unit based on a larger scintillation crystal. A similar instrument is also planned for launch in 2023 on a spacecraft developed by NILAKT DOSAAF. The KODIZ instrument is designed to test equipment designed to detect radiation-dangerous fluxes of solar cosmic rays. The instrument includes a Cherenkov detector for detecting relativistic protons capable of penetrating the Earth's atmosphere, as well as semiconductor detectors for measuring the radiation dose and a neutron detector. Similar instrument was launched on August 9, 2022 as part of the Monitor-1 spacecraft of Moscow University. At present, the first scientific data have been obtained from the KODIZ instrument, and their processing and analysis are underway.