ИСТИНА

Energy problem is one of the global problems of humanity. One kind of solution is the development of new high-performance devices which convert sunlight into electricity. In nature this issue was solved billions of years ago by means of photosynthesis. Photosynthetic reaction centers (RCs) of bacteria and plants are responsible for primary charge separation (about 30 Å), whereas light-harvesting complex collect a large amount of light and transfer it to RCs. The efficiency of such reaction is extremely high. Due to this fact there is an increasing interest in creating hybrid photovoltaic devices, based on native photosynthetic molecular systems. The core of such hybrid photo element is photosynthetic RC. The donor and acceptor part of RC are connected with metal electrodes via molecular nanowires. Quantum dots (QD) are used instead of light-harvesting complex increasing significantly the efficiency of work. However the creation of such photo elements in practice faces the number of technique and fundamental problems. First of all, there is biological problem connected with the development of technology, which allows producing solid photo elements with conditions of long-term storing of RCs in native state. Secondly, there is a technical and theoretical problem related to organization of molecular contacts, which can provide efficient charge transfer between RCs and electrode (wide arrows in the figure). The last but not the least problem is connected with computer modeling of such devices (molecular dynamics and quantum chemical calculations) because modeling of such complex systems requires great capacity.