ИСТИНА

The purpose was to develop the approach to process organic wastes from animal husbandry, crop production and mushroom farming by earthworms and fungi (simultaneously and/or sequentially) into new valuable biological products with complex useful properties for growing plants. As a result of screening of several hundreds of fungal cultures, strains of microscopic ascomycete fungi (Trichoderma asperellum, T. harzianum T. gamsii, T. viride and a number of others, including representatives of basidiomycetes) were selected. They have high antibiotic activity against opportunistic pathogens and/or phytopathogenic fungi, growth-stimulating activity (produced indolylacetic acid, soya-saponin) against plants, accelerated growth of earthworms Eisenia fetida and production of cocoons. The positive effect on the growth and accumulation of biomass of earthworms, and hydrolytic and oxidase activity of fungi increase of waste treatment. When earthworms and fungal strains were co-introduced into a mixture of substrates such as cattle manure, straw and peat, as well as horse manure with sawdust and hay or into spent champignon soil, their processing of such wastes was accelerated by 1-2 weeks. The resulting biological products had the properties of fertilizer, fungicide and plant growth stimulant. The selected strains of fungi have been found to stimulate also the development of another species of earthworm, Dendrobena veneta, during their processing of organic waste into biological products. Established that best way to introduce Trichoderma strains simultaneously with earthworms, the inoculation time with other fungi can be carried out at other stages of waste vermicomposting. The conditions for obtaining such biopreparations and their chemical and biological properties are characterized: the content of organic matter, macro- and microelements, pH, their effectiveness in improving the germination and growth of test plants (lettuce, cucumbers), suppressing effect on root infections (species of genera Fusarium and Alternaria), suppression of opрortunistic-pathogenic microorganisms. The Patents of the Russian Federation No.2011107180, No. 2750957 were obtained on the approach and strains, new patents are being prepared for filing.