ИСТИНА

Environmental state in Russian cities and regions was not determined by environmental policy, and macroeconomic conditions and the factor of economic restructuring in the transition period. The research is spread over 1000 Russian cities, 70 – in Kazakhstan, 3 – in Моngolia. Cities and towns differ in the amount of their population, history, economic situation and ecological problems. Among them there are lots of small towns with no meteorological data. Comparison of impact sources with the emission density showed that in 60% of cities the industry remains a leading pollution source. To understand the atmospheric processes in Eurasia there were estimated emission and an imission in the cities of Russia, Kazakhstan and Mongolia with the scheme using «Impact- Change- Consequences» chain. Analyses of the emission dynamics in Russian cities, which have the main sources of emissions, are extremely important because it allows to identify the factors of pollution. Over the past 20 years, emissions in Russian cities have decreased. Fuel balance is one more factor that creates the raised levels of pollution. Increased energy consumption of cities in Northern Eurasia determines the structure of the emission. The dominance of coal in industry and public utilities leads to the fact that among the cities in which the emission structure is dominated by particulate matter including suspended particles such as fine-dispersed particulate matter with a aerodynamics diameter less than 10 microns (PM10) and less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) is dominated by thermal power centers and the steel industry, located in the eastern part of the country and in the European North (it is calculated by: Database of indicators of municipalities, 2011). Towns, which are the centers of oil and gas production: hydrocarbons are dominated in emission structure . Increase in emissions over the past 10 years led to rapid growth in oil pollution, which gives a third of the total air pollution in Russia. Environmental state changing defined by specialization of economy and fuel balance in the housing sector. More strict dependence on specialization emerged in cities of the Urals and southern Siberia, Northern European, and for the cities of Central Russia and the North-West communal factor was the leading. In the Eastern part, where the coal prevails in balance (except oil and gas regions of Western Siberia), pollution remained stable. In small towns with the most obvious depression, decreasing of industrial production while communal services emission maintenance led to increased emissions. As a result the two types of emission dynamics formed. Inertia type of pollution dynamics is typical for most part of small towns. It has created whole zones of the growing pollution of the periphery regions. On the contrary, in the old oil production centers of the Volga region, in small engineering, textile, food cities, pollution changed more quickly, depending on changes in the structure of fuel in housing sector than on the main economic indicators dynamics.