ИСТИНА

In neurorehabilitation and motor function recovery, there are Vygotsky-Luria's line and Leontiev-Zaporozhets' line which are obviously connected, but their connection isn't articulated enough. Their point of convergence dates back to the publication of two collections of papers: “Movement and activity” edited by Sergei Rubinshtein (1945), and “Psychology”, a tribute to the head of the Georgian school of the psychology of set Dmitry Uznadze (1945). Since then, the development of the two lines was largely parallel. And the missing link is Nikolay Bernshtein's non-classical physiology of activity. Both lines are based on his predictive explanatory framework, with the central role of task in movement construction, which, in turn, sets the hierarchy of levels where backward reafference (“sensory corrections”) takes place. Just as Luria considered “speech afferentation” as a way of rehabilitation at the level of meanings (not just actions), Zaporozhets treated motor acts as meaning-dependent (inner) movements and thus implementations of meanings. Current neurorehabilitation disregards the Bernsteinian idea of the central role of values and meanings in the recovery of movements, which opposes neurohabilitation as training to neurorehabilitation as guidance, the latter relevant to Leontiev's “personal meaning” problem. Neurorehabilitation as guidance is “meaning generation”, hierarchical when one of background levels of motion construction if affected, and heterarchical when it is a leading level. And the core function of this system to be recreated through neurorehabilitation is prediction of the future movement.