ИСТИНА

Attention to international migration should not obscure the interest in research within countries. Population mobility at regional level grows, affecting many areas of human life no less than external migration. The study of population mobility within municipalities of Bavaria, through their borders and between Bavaria and other federal states of Germany consider different types of population flows (non–return migration, commuting, movements of students, tourists etc.) and is based on information from the Federal Statistical Office of Germany, the German Federal Employment Agency, the Bavarian state office for statistics and data processing etc. Methods of analysis include delimitation of migration systems and calculation of density of human activity (algorithm are proposed in terms of time geography). Scale of population mobility within Bavaria is larger than migratory exchange with other federal states of Germany (in 2000–2013 total number of people changed their place of residence within federal state exceeded 4.5 million people, turnover of non–return migration with other federal states was 3.3 million people). Flows of commuters (going for daily or long-term trips from home to places of work and back) surpass non–return migration in terms of quantity (in 2013 about 3.1 million of commuters at the municipality level) and frequency of trips and take more important positions in the regional migration process (it is also indicated through the convergence of the dimensions of the migration systems delimiting for non–return migration and commuting). Territorial structure of non–return migration in the region is revealed through combination of several migration indexes using typology of municipalities. «Bipolarity» of Bavaria spatial structure is confirmed through dominance of Munich and Nuremberg as basic foci of migration. Migration systems, representing zones of the primary migratory attraction of cities, reflects geographical structure of migration flows and socio-economic relations between territories. Modeling of density of human activity is carried out considering different types of population flows and the time lived and spent by people at the territory of each municipality during the year. Results of modeling lead to conclusion that density of human activity allow better reflect degree of regional development and evaluate how much the land is real inhabited (especially in comparison with indicator of population density, calculated from the data on place of official residence). Calculation of density of human activity is especially important for thinly populated areas with high activity of non-permanent population (include commuters and tourists).