ИСТИНА

The phenomenon of tunneling is a key feature of quantum mechanics which is absent in classical mechanics. It governs many physical phenomena ranging from nuclear ssion (Hill and Wheeler, 1953), via Josephson junctions (Josephson, 1962), over scanning tunneling microscopy (Binnig et al., 1982), to atoms interacting with ultrashort laser pulses (Czirjak et al., 2000). This phenomenon also spins the common thread through this thesis. First we highlight tunneling from the basic point of view (Heim et al., 2013b), then we propose a new superconducting tunnel device (Heim et al., 2013a) and nally we control tunneling of fractional Josephson vortices (Heim et al., 2013c).