ИСТИНА

Целью настоящего проекта является исследование механизма изотопного обмена в системе вода-водород в области низких температур (Т = 283 - 313 К) на гидрофобном катализаторе Pt/СДВБ Для достижения поставленной цели необходимо решить ряд следующих задач: 1. Определение влияния температуры и парциального давления реакционных газов на скорость изотопного обмена между водой и водородом в противоточных колоннах со смешанным слоем катализатора и насадки; 2. Повышение эффективности контактных устройств путем изменения соотношения между гидрофобным катализатором и гидрофильной насадкой; 3. Разработка единого подхода синтеза высокоэффективных гидрофобных катализаторов изотопного обмена водорода с прогнозируемыми свойствами.

Since the 1980s, catalytic chemical isotopic exchange (ChIE) in a water-hydrogen system with an electrolyzer as the lower flow reversal unit is used to solve the problems of hydrogen isotope separation, especially for heavy water recycling from nuclear energy reactors, as well as for the detritisation of heavy water and light water waste. The choice of this technology is due to the high value of a single-stage separation factor, which, for example, for a protium-tritium system can reach a value of 8 at room temperature. With increasing temperature, the activity of the used heterogeneous catalysts improves, however, the separation factor decreases, which leads to an increase in the volume of separation equipment and an increase in energy consumption. The optimum temperature range for most modern catalysts, taking into these factors, is 328-343 K. As a result of research in Mendeleev University and VNIIHT corporation for the first time in Russia developed a new hydrophobic catalyst, active in the temperature range of 288-303 K. This results allows to increase the throughput capacity of separation plants and reduce the cost of their operation. The purpose of this project is to determine the characteristic of mass transfer and the limiting stage of the isotopic exchange process in a water-hydrogen system. Research of the competitive adsorption process of hydrogen and water vapor at the active sites of the catalyst will allow to obtain an array of physicochemical data required for designing hydrogen isotope separation plants based on the ChIE method. Another important result of the research will be the possibility of realization of this process by a more economical dual-temperature scheme, where hot and cold columns are used to reversal flows. A dual-temperature installation will make it possible to consider the ChIE method in a water-hydrogen system as the main technology for obtaining heavy water from the natural level.