Horizons of Scientific Pluralism: Logics, Ontology, Mathematicsстатья
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Аннотация:Discussions on the scientific pluralism typically involve the unity of science
thesis, which has been first advanced by Neo-Positivists in the 1930-ies and
later widely criticized in the late 1970-ies. In the present paper the problem
of scientific pluralism is examined in the context of modern logic, where it
became particularly pertinent after the emergence of non-Classical logics.
Usual arguments in favor of a unique choice of “the” logical system are of an
extralogical nature. The conception of Universal Logic as a theory of mutual
translatability and combination of alternative logical systems allows for a more
constructive approach to the issue. Logical pluralism gives rise not only to the
ontological pluralism but also to non-Classical mathematics based on various
non-Classical logics. Our analysis of ontological pluralism rises the following
question: is our mathematics globally Classical and locally non-Classical
(i.e. having non-Classical parts) or rather, the other way round, is globally
non-Classical and only locally Classical? We conclude that in the context of
post-non-Classical science the logical pluralism justifies one’s freedom to chose
logical tools in conformity with one’s aims, norms and values.