CONTEMPORARY ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES FOR SUSTAINABLE  DEVELOPMENT OF EASTERN CHUKOTKA SETTLEMENTS

Maslakov, A.; Antonov, E.

Авторы: Alexey Maslakov, Evgeny Antonov
Сборник: Practical Geography and XXI Century Challenges. International Geographical Union Thematic Conference dedicated to the Centennial of the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4–6 June 2018, Moscow. Conference Book
Редакторы: Иванов Сергей Владимирович, Себенцов Александр Борисович, Суслова Светлана Борисовна
Том: 1
Тезисы
Год издания: 2018
Издательство: Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт географии Российской академии наук
Местоположение издательства: Москва
Первая страница: 77
Последняя страница: 77
Аннотация: Chukotka is remote Arctic region, which occupies northeastern tip of Eurasia. This area was discovered by Russians in 17th century. Intensive development of the region was during Soviet times in 1930-1980 and aimed to mining industry in western part of the region, while Eastern Chukotka was the place of significant military presence (border troops). After Soviet Union collapse the economy of Chukotka was dramatically shrinking. The most developed areas have experienced the most significant damage, but almost all settlements of Eastern Chukotka, populated mainly by indigenous peoples (Chukchi, Yupik, Evens, etc.) survived crisis. New period in Chukotka economic development was in 2001-2008, when industrial magnate roman Abramovich was elected as governor. This period was characterized by restoration of mining industry, intensive housebuilding and increasing of living standards. The settlements of Eastern Chukotka are confined to sea coast and characterized by predominance of indigenous population. There is no large manufactures or mining facilities, but climate changes have negative effect on traditional environmental management and housings. Shrinking sea ice extent and increasing of duration of open water period causes accelerated coastal erosion, changing of marine mammal migration routes and worsening of sea hunting conditions. Active layer thickening, revealed through monitoring measurements in 2000-2017, facilitates thaw slumps, ravines development and increases risks of ice-cellars (meat pits in permafrost) exploitation. Sociological survey conducted in 2017 indicated that local long-term residents testify about tundra bushing, southern species invasion, shifting of seasonal periodicity. Despite all mentioned challenges, there is no any effective strategy on adaptation to climate and environmental changes and mitigation its consequences. Government, scientists, local communities and the other stakeholders need to combine efforts and develop roadmap to sustainable development, considering regional specific features.
Добавил в систему: Маслаков Алексей Алексеевич

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