Propagation modes in Boraginaceae: Biomorphological and anatomical analysesстатья
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Дата последнего поиска статьи во внешних источниках: 1 апреля 2020 г.
Аннотация:Summary: 14 species of Boraginaceae were studied to reveal the diversity of vegetative propagation modes, connected with adaptation to habitats and different strategies of exploring, expanding to and populating new sites of growing space (‘attached’ and ‘creeping’ forms). The main one is sarmentation, accompanied by the formation of sprouts originating from roots (soboles) or shoots. A certain correlation between sarmentation types and the plant’s life form, shoot structure and root system type is shown. Tap-rooted woody biomorphs are known to propagate by means of sobole formation. Perennial herbaceous plants, in the vast majority with short tap root or fibrous root systems, appear to demonstrate a huge variation in sarmentation types. It is performed by means of sobole formation as well as through the separation of parts of underground epigeogenous, hypogeogenous and epigeogenous-hypogeogenous rhizomes, aerial rhizomes, specialized procumbent stolon-like biennial shoots as well as by tubers. The ability to form vegetative diaspores is determined by the microstructure of metamorphosed organs of reproduction, i.e. marked parenchyma development, extensive supply of ergastic substances (starch, aleurone), poor lignification and lack of supporting tissues and cork (excluding Ehretia, Mertensia); the protective function is performed by metacutinized peripheral bark layers and wide dead leaf bases. Specialized organs of vegetative propagation are also characterized by accelerated differentiation and development, short-term activity of the vascular cambium, their fast renewal and additional increased ability to produce adventitious buds and roots. The revealed diversity of vegetative dispersal and propagation ways facilitated the successful expansion of Boraginaceae into various ecological niches in the vegetation of subtropical and tropical areas.