Molecular and cellular mechanisms triggered by low-level laser irradiationстатья
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Дата последнего поиска статьи во внешних источниках: 28 мая 2015 г.
Аннотация:Molecular and cellular mechanisms of responses to irradiation with low-level red laser light are considered within the framework of the free radical concept (Vladimirov, Yu.A., in Efferentnaya meditsina (Efferent Medicine), Moscow: IBMKh RAMN, 1994, pp. 51-67). Its basic components are as follows. (i) Primary laser light acceptors are endogenous porphyrins. They act as photosensitizers in generation of free radicals, which, in their turn, initiate secondary free radical reactions. (ii) Target cells of laser therapy are blood leukocytes, fibroblasts, endotheliocytes, keratinocytes, etc. (iii) Free radical reactions secondary to membrane lipid peroxidation cause an increase in the membrane permeability for ions, Ca2+ included. Elevated cytoplasmic Ca2+ in leukocytes primes them for enhanced production of reactive oxygen scecies in response to subsequent stimulation. (iv) In a number of cells, photosensitized generation of reactive oxygen species entails activation of protein synthesis by free radicals. In the context of the free radical concept, inducible NO synthase, superoxide dismutase, and various cytokines are the most important proteins among those synthesized de novo. Supporting experimental evidence is presented, indicating that the therapeutic effects of exposure to low-level coherent (laser) or incoherent (light-emitting diode) light are secondary to activation of free radical mechanisms. Consideration is given to how the primary effects of quantum therapy (photosensitized molecular and cellular responses) are related to the secondary, therapeutic effects of this treatment (bactericidal action, improvement of microcirculation, and stimulation of cell proliferation resulting in better wound healing). In addition, it is shown that nitrosyl complexes of heme proteins, such as hemoglogin and cytochrome c, are also the chromophores absorbing laser light. Their dissociation gives rise to free nitric oxide, which is known to dilate capillaries and stimulate motochondrial respiration. Both phenomena are observed during low-level laser phototherapy.