Аннотация:The article analyzes the scientific and practical prerequisites of eco-tourism development in the mountainous regions of Russia as well as the terminology in the domestic and foreign researches. There is a research on the evolution of the concept of ecotourism. The factors limiting this tourism sector in the studied regions include underdeveloped infrastructure, insufficient investment in the tourism sector, a shortage of highly qualified personnel (managers), etc. The potential of natural resources in the mountainous regions of Russia creates good conditions for the development of tourism, particularly, environmentally oriented tourism. The main issue here is to preserve the landscape and biological diversity. The scientifically-based organization of ecotourism in the mountainous regions of Russia will help to preserve the unique natural and cultural-historical heritage and increase the level of socio-economic development. Ecotourism should become the main motive for the local self-realization with a rich distinctive culture and access to better living conditions in the regions.