State-of-the-Art of Eggshell Waste in Materials Science: Recent Advances in Catalysis, Pharmaceutical Applications, and Mechanochemistryстатья
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Дата последнего поиска статьи во внешних источниках: 9 апреля 2021 г.
Аннотация:Eggshell waste is among the most abundant waste materials coming from foodprocessing technologies. Despite the unique properties that both its components(eggshell, ES, and eggshell membrane, ESM) possess, it is very often discarded withoutfurther use. This review article aims to summarize the recent reports utilizing eggshellwaste for very diverse purposes, stressing the need to use a mechanochemical approachto broaden its applications. The most studied field with regards to the potential use ofeggshell waste is catalysis. Upon proper treatment, it can be used for turning waste oilsinto biodiesel, and moreover, the catalytic effect of eggshell-based material in organicsynthesis is also very beneficial. In inorganic chemistry, the eggshell membrane is veryoften used as a templating agent for nanoparticles production. Such composites aresuitable for application in photocatalysis. These bionanocomposites are also capableof heavy metal ions reduction and can be also used for the ozonation process. Theeggshell and its membrane are applicable in electrochemistry as well. Due to the highprotein content and the presence of functional groups on the surface, ESM can beeasily converted to a high-performance electrode material. Finally, both ES and ESMare suitable for medical applications, as the former can be used as an inexpensiveCa2+ source for the development of medications, particles for drug delivery, organicmatrix/mineral nanocomposites as potential tissue scaffolds, food supplements, andthe latter for the treatment of joint diseases, in reparative medicine and vascular graftproducing. For the majority of the above-mentioned applications, the pretreatment of theeggshell waste is necessary. Among other options, the mechanochemical pretreatmenthas found an inevitable place. Since the publication of the last review paper devoted to themechanochemical treatment of eggshell waste, a few new works have appeared, whichare reviewed here to underline the sustainable character of the proposed methodology. The mechanochemical treatment of eggshell is capable of producing the nanoscalematerial which can be further used for bioceramics synthesis, dehalogenation processes,wastewater treatment, preparation of hydrophobic filters, lithium-ion batteries, dentalmaterials, and in the building industry as cement.