Tracking the origins of Yakutian horses and the genetic basis for their fast adaptation to subarctic environments

Librado, P.; Der Sarkissian, C.; Ermini, L.; Schubert, M.; Jónsson, H.; Albrechtsen, A.; Fumagalli, M.; Yang, M.A.; Gamba, C.; Seguin-Orlando, A.; Mortensen, C.D.; Petersen, B.; Hoover, C.A.; Lorente-Galdos, B.; Nedoluzhko, A.; Boulygina, E.; Tsygankova, S.; Neuditschko, M.; Jagannathan, V.; Thèves, C.; Alfarhan, A.H.; Alquraishi, S.A.; Al-Rasheid Khaled, A.S.; Sicheritz-Ponten, T.; Popov, R.; Grigoriev, S.; Alekseev, A.N.; Rubin, E.M.; McCue, M.; Rieder, S.; Leeb, T.; Tikhonov, A.; Crubézy, E.; Slatkin, M.; Marques-Bonet, T.; Nielsen, R.; Willerslev, E.; Kantanen, J.; Prokhortchouk, E.; Orlando, L.

Авторы: Librado Pablo, Der Sarkissian Clio, Ermini Luca, Schubert Mikkel, Jónsson Hákon, Albrechtsen Anders, Fumagalli Matteo, Yang Melinda A., Gamba Cristina, Seguin-Orlando Andaine, Mortensen Cecilie D., Petersen Bent, Hoover Cindi A., Lorente-Galdos Belen, Nedoluzhko Artem, Boulygina Eugenia, Tsygankova Svetlana, Neuditschko Markus, Jagannathan Vidhya, Thèves Catherine, Alfarhan Ahmed H., Alquraishi Saleh A., Al-Rasheid Khaled A.S., Sicheritz-Ponten Thomas, Popov Ruslan, Grigoriev Semyon, Alekseev Anatoly N., Rubin Edward M., McCue Molly, Rieder Stefan, Leeb Tosso, Tikhonov Alexei, Crubézy Eric, Slatkin Montgomery, Marques-Bonet Tomas, Nielsen Rasmus, Willerslev Eske, Kantanen Juha, Prokhortchouk Egor, Orlando Ludovic
Журнал: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Том: 112
Номер: 50
Год издания: 2015
Издательство: National Academy of Sciences
Местоположение издательства: United States
Первая страница: E6889
Последняя страница: E6897
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1513696112
Аннотация: Yakutia, Sakha Republic, in the Siberian Far East, represents one of the coldest places on Earth, with winter record temperatures dropping below −70 °C. Nevertheless, Yakutian horses survive all year round in the open air due to striking phenotypic adaptations, including compact body conformations, extremely hairy winter coats, and acute seasonal differences in metabolic activities. The evolutionary origins of Yakutian horses and the genetic basis of their adaptations remain, however, contentious. Here, we present the complete genomes of nine present-day Yakutian horses and two ancient specimens dating from the early 19th century and ∼5,200 y ago. By comparing these genomes with the genomes of two Late Pleistocene, 27 domesticated, and three wild Przewalski’s horses, we find that contemporary Yakutian horses do not descend from the native horses that populated the region until the mid-Holocene, but were most likely introduced following the migration of the Yakut people a few centuries ago. Thus, they represent one of the fastest cases of adaptation to the extreme temperatures of the Arctic. We find cis-regulatory mutations to have contributed more than nonsynonymous changes to their adaptation, likely due to the comparatively limited standing variation within gene bodies at the time the population was founded. Genes involved in hair development, body size, and metabolic and hormone signaling pathways represent an essential part of the Yakutian horse adaptive genetic toolkit. Finally, we find evidence for convergent evolution with native human populations and woolly mammoths, suggesting that only a few evolutionary strategies are compatible with survival in extremely cold environments.
Добавил в систему: Недолужко Артем Валерьевич

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Tracking the origins of Yakutian horses and the genetic basis for their fast adaptation to subarctic environmentsстатья