Аннотация:A historical analysis of the formation of
environmental trends in science, literature and philosophies is
carried out in the context of the theory of multilevel development
of environmental protection systems (religion, state, science,
society, international law). Eastern scientific and philosophical
thought of the Middle Ages and the ancient world had an
advantage over the western part of the humanization of the
natural component. The formation of the term "ecology" refers to
the middle of the 19th century. It was connected with the end of
the era of great geographical discoveries. However, ecology in the
19th century was purely practical in nature, aimed at preserving
nature in order to classify reserves for future consumption.
Humanitarian-philosophical understanding of the problems of
ecology and aggressive-consumer society should be placed on
Russian and Indian cultures in the person of L. N. Tolstoy and M.
Gandhi, who suggested the synthesis of Russian, Western and
Eastern thought as a means of preventing environmental
disasters. The approbation problem of developing a universal
international methodological apparatus is the disunity of scientific
and philosophical thought: the history of mankind develops
according to a cyclical model - the medieval west was not familiar
with Arabic science, and today the west is also not familiar with
the theory of the noosphere, which is currently not completed.