Epitropic liquid crystals - A new liquid phaseстатья
Информация о цитировании статьи получена из
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Дата последнего поиска статьи во внешних источниках: 24 октября 2013 г.
Аннотация:We review modern research for liquids forming epitropic liquid crystals (ELC) adjacent to walls. We consider the structure and various properties which differ from those of traditional nematic liquid crystals, such as the structural order parameter, the limited space, and the formation mechanism. The special methods and the results of these investigations are discussed in detail. An analysis of ELC layers is given (structure and influence of various affecting factors). It is shown that epitropic liquid crystals are formed by various polar organic liquids with molecules containing substituted benzene rings. It is established that in the epitropic liquid crystal layers, that is in the epitropic mesophases, there exists a secondary orientational order transition. The width of this layer and the molecular orientation depend on the dipole-dipole forces, the specific interaction with the solid substrate, and the dispersion forces of the liquid. We discuss the status and the outlook of recent experimental and theoretical work and conclude with a few remarks concerning the application of ELC layers in electronics, lubrication, tribology, and the biology of human organs.