Аннотация:Generation of biodiversity during the Neopleistocene and the Holocene was determinedby the parameters of aquatic environment of basins (the sea-level mode, temperature, salinity),mainly reflecting climatic changes. The anthropogenic factor contributes essentially to the structureof the biodiversity. This paper aimed to show the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on thegeneration of the mollusk’s biodiversity. The material for research was the analysis of the long-termfield works of the author on the coasts of the Caspian Sea and the studying of the core of sea boreholes.It is cocluded that over the last 6 thousand years, invasive and acclimatized species made much moresignificant changes in biodiversity than those caused by natural factors. Natural ecosystems haveundergone the anthropogenic transformation. Over the course of historical time, there has been notonly fast change in biodiversity, but also irreversible change in aquatic ecosystems. The role of theanthropogenic factor on the species distribution in the basin became the major.
