Signaling and Gene Expression in Skeletal Muscles in Type 2 Diabetes: Current Results and OMICS Perspectives

Vorotnikov, A.V.; Popov, D.V.; Makhnovskii, P.A.

Авторы: Vorotnikov Alexander V., Popov Daniil V., Makhnovskii Pavel A.
Журнал: Biochemistry (Moscow)
Том: 87
Номер: 9
Год издания: 2022
Издательство: Pleiades Publishing, Ltd
Местоположение издательства: Road Town, United Kingdom
Первая страница: 1021
Последняя страница: 1034
DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922090139
Аннотация: Skeletal muscles mainly contribute to the emergence of insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance and the development of type 2 diabetes. Molecular mechanisms that regulate glucose uptake are diverse, including the insulin-dependent as most important, and others as also significant. They involve a wide range of proteins that control intracellular traffic and exposure of glucose transporters on the cell surface to create an extensive regulatory network. Here, we highlight advantages of the omics approaches to explore the insulin-regulated proteins and genes in human skeletal muscle with varying degrees of metabolic disorders. We discuss methodological aspects of the assessment of metabolic dysregulation and molecular responses of human skeletal muscle to insulin. The known molecular mechanisms of glucose uptake regulation and the first results of phosphoproteomic and transcriptomic studies are reviewed, which unveiled a large-scale array of insulin targets in muscle cells. They demonstrate that a clear depiction of changes that occur during metabolic dysfunction requires systemic and combined analysis at different levels of regulation, including signaling pathways, transcription factors, and gene expression. Such analysis seems promising to explore yet undescribed regulatory mechanisms of glucose uptake by skeletal muscle and identify the key regulators as potential therapeutic targets.
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Signaling and Gene Expression in Skeletal Muscles in Type 2 Diabetes: Current Results and OMICS Perspectivesстатья

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