Nuclear Melt Glass from Experimental Field, Semipalatinsk Test Site

Vlasova, I.E.; Yapaskurt, V.O.; Averin, A.A.; Melnik, O.E.; Zolotov, D.A.; Senin, R.A.; Poliakova, T.R.; Nevolin, I.M.; Kalmykov, S.N.; Shiryaev, A.A.

Авторы: Vlasova Irina E., Yapaskurt Vasily O., Averin Alexei A., Melnik Oleg E., Zolotov Denis A., Senin Roman A., Poliakova Tatiana R., Nevolin Iurii M., Kalmykov Stepan N., Shiryaev Andrey A.
Журнал: Energies
Том: 15
Номер: 23
Год издания: 2022
Издательство: MDPI
Местоположение издательства: Basel, Switzerland
Первая страница: 9121
DOI: 10.3390/en15239121
Аннотация: first_pagesettingsOrder Article ReprintsThis is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.Open AccessArticleNuclear Melt Glass from Experimental Field, Semipalatinsk Test Siteby Irina E. Vlasova 1,Vasily O. Yapaskurt 2,Alexei A. Averin 3,Oleg E. Melnik 4ORCID,Denis A. Zolotov 5ORCID,Roman A. Senin 6,Tatiana R. Poliakova 1ORCID,Iurii M. Nevolin 1,3,Stepan N. Kalmykov 1 andAndrey A. Shiryaev 1,3,7,*ORCID1Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 Bld. 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia2Department of Geology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia3Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS, Leninsky Prospect 31 Bld. 4, 119071 Moscow, Russia4Institute of Mechanics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Michurinskii Pr., 1, 119192 Moscow, Russia5FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Leninsky Pr. 53, 119333 Moscow, Russia6National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Ak. Kurchatov Sq., 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia7Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry RAS, Staromonetnii Per. 35, 119017 Moscow, Russia*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.Energies 2022, 15(23), 9121; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15239121Received: 29 October 2022 / Revised: 25 November 2022 / Accepted: 28 November 2022 / Published: 1 December 2022(This article belongs to the Special Issue Treatment of Radioactive Waste and Sustainability Energy)Download Review Reports Versions NotesAbstractInvestigation of shocked materials provides unique information about behavior of substances in extreme thermodynamic conditions. Near surface nuclear tests have induced multiple transformations of affected soils. Examination of nuclear glasses and relics of entrapped minerals provides a unique database on their behavior under an intense temperature flash. In this work, several types of nuclear fallout particles from historic tests at the Semipalatinsk test site are investigated using complementary analytical methods. Distribution of radionuclides in all types of samples is highly heterogeneous; domains with high content of radionuclides are often intermixed with non-active materials. There is no general correlation between chemical composition of the glassy matrix and content of radionuclides. In aerodynamic fallout, the main fraction of radionuclides is trapped in the outer glassy shell. Relics of quartz grains are always devoid of radionuclides, while glass regions of high activity have different composition. In contrast to underground tests, iron-rich minerals are not necessarily radioactive. In most cases, the glassy matrix in anhydrous and is strongly polymerized, and the Q3 silicate groups dominate. Temperature-induced transformations of entrapped minerals are discussed. Investigation of zircon grains shows absence of a direct correlation between degree of decomposition into constituting oxides, morphology of resulting baddeleyite, and maximum experienced temperature. For the first time, temperature history of a nuclear ground glass is estimated from Zr diffusion profiles from decomposing zircon grain.
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