Seeing good and bad: Optical sensing of microalgal culture conditionстатья
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Дата последнего поиска статьи во внешних источниках: 26 июня 2024 г.
Аннотация:To operate microalgal cultivation facilities efficiently one needs to be constantly aware of the culture condition regardless of the scale of the process. Currently, a plethora of non-invasive methods have been developed for express monitoring of microalgal cultures based on different physical and biophysical properties of the cells. Nevertheless, optical methods based on measurement of light absorption and/or scattering so far remain the most widespread approach. This review outlines the optical methods based on absorption, reflection, and scattering of light by microalgal cultures. Practical guidance along with a critical assessment of these methods and their suitability for the common goals of microalgal biotechnology is provided. Traditional and modern techniques based on measurement of the optical properties of microalgal cell cultures are elaborated on. Application of these methods for monitoring of culture growth (biomass accumulation), buildup of valuable carotenoids and lipids are considered. Sensing of culture condition is covered including contrasting cases of acclimation to vs. damage by stresses (high light, nutrient deficiency, etc.) frequently used as stimuli for accumulation of target compounds in microalgal cells. It is concluded that in the near future, the optical methods will likely remain the mainstream approach to non-invasive monitoring of microalgal cultures. Their ability to provide valuable information about the cultures did not yet reached its limit, and it is unlikely it will in view of the impressive progress of optical sensors. Novel equipment such as imaging spectrometers and advanced mathematical methods of spectral data processing such as machine learning expanded dramatically the application of the optical method for monitoring of microalgal cultures.