Supraglacial Soils and Soil-Like Bodies: Diversity, Genesis, Functioning (Review)

Mergelov, N.S.; Goryachkin, S.V.; Zazovskaya, E.P.; Karelin, D.V.; Nikitin, D.A.; Kutuzov, S.S.

Авторы: Mergelov N.S., Goryachkin S.V., Zazovskaya E.P., Karelin D.V., Nikitin D.A., Kutuzov S.S.
Журнал: Eurasian Soil Science
Том: 56
Номер: 12
Год издания: 2023
Издательство: Maik Nauka/Interperiodica Publishing
Местоположение издательства: Russian Federation
Первая страница: 1845
Последняя страница: 1880
DOI: 10.1134/S1064229323602330
Аннотация: In the 21st century, glaciers are perceived as a distinct biome that has taken on special significancein today’s world of retreating ice. In this paper, we review the results of recent studies of organomineral for-mations on glaciers, their diversity, genesis, functioning, and the role in the biosphere. The question is raisedabout the possibility of involving supraglacial organomineral formations in the range of objects of soil science.We review the supraglacial zone as an area of soils and soil-like bodies, the biogeochemical processes in whichaffect the glacial biome and the surrounding landscapes. Interpretation of supraglacial organomineral forma-tions from a pedological point of view allows us to identify several typical soil processes: accumulation andstabilization of organic matter (OM), its heterotrophic transformation, formation of dark-colored humifiedOM, accumulation of residual solid-phase products of functioning in situ, fine earth aggregation, and bio-chemical weathering. Among supraglacial formations, we distinguish pre-soils and soil-like bodies in ice andsnow, metastable soil-like bodies on cryoconite, and soils with microprofiles under moss communities on ice,as well as relatively stable soils with macroprofiles on silicate gravelly to fine-earth deposits underlain by movingglacier and dead glacier ice. Labile dissolved OM accumulated and transformed in supraglacial soils and soil-like bodies has a significant impact on the periglacial zone, leading to the reservoir and priming effects. Thestudies of supraglacial organomineral systems are of fundamental importance for understanding the evolutionof ecosystems on Earth, as well as for modeling supraglacial formations of extraterrestrial bodies with a vast cryo-sphere. Supraglacial soil formation is also a model object for studying common soils under conditions of a con-tinuous external input of organic and mineral components, the contribution of which beyond the glaciers is noless significant, but is masked by the polymineral substrate of soils and parent rocks themselves.
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Supraglacial Soils and Soil-Like Bodies: Diversity, Genesis, Functioning (Review)статья

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