Аннотация:Now with large telescopes we observe galaxies at redshifts of more than 5; it means that we observe them in the first billion year of the Universe expansion – very soon after the Big Bang. The galaxies were then already well-shaped, so the epoch of the galaxy formation beginning must be shifted to z > 20. Moreover, the quasars seen as active nuclei of distant galaxies had very massive black holes in their centers then, at z > 6, – mostly exceeding a billion solar masses; so the epoch of the central supermassive black hole formation must be at z > 30. We did not still see how the galaxies and the supermassive black holes formed; but the observational data on such early objects allow us to restrict some key physics of their formation.