Archaeophytes in the Flora of the European Russiaстатья
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Дата последнего поиска статьи во внешних источниках: 15 февраля 2024 г.
Аннотация:The division of alien species into groups according to the time of invasion is widely used in biogeographic and floristic studies, but such information is not available for many regions of Russia. On the basis of the analysis of regional floristic lists for the regions of European Russia (ER), 184 species of archaeophytes (that is, alien species intentionally or unintentionally introduced by humans in the early historical period, until the end of the 16th century) were identified. The age of their invasion was substantiated by a number of features (type of habitat, presence of fossil remains and historical evidence, geographical distribution, frequencyof known cases of naturalization, identification of possible vectors of invasion, human use). Somespecies are archaeophytes only for a part of the ER regions; in neighboring areas, they can be either species of natural flora or alien neophytes according to their status. Eighty-one species oblast of putative archaeophytes are confirmed by archaeobotanical finds in any of the early histoblastorical periods, mainly in the Middle Ages, but from a limited number of regions. The territory of ER is divided into six regions taking into account the peculiarities of natural conditions, as well as the history of the development of anthropogenic communities: Karelian-Kola, East Baltic, Dvina-Upper Volga, Volga, Volga-Don, and Southeast. A more orless unified set of archaeophytes has been proposed for each of the major regions. The entire group of archaeophytes in ER as a whole is characterized by (1) the great similarity of the composition of archaeophytes with other European regions; (2) the low overall diversity compared to European countries, given the large area ofER; (3) the heterogeneous status of species in different regions and differences in the species composition between different parts of ER; (4) a large proportion of segetal weed species as a result of high infestation of crops with weed species at the beginning of the development of agriculture; and (5) a significant percentageof species of Asian origin as evidence of the influence of eastern vectors on the formation of flora, including the eastern centers of agriculture. Species essays are presented according to the above criteria for the speciesfrom the list of archaeophytes.