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The study of various diets using a mathematical model of carbohydrate-lipid metabolism in adipocytesстатья
Дата последнего поиска статьи во внешних источниках: 19 июня 2024 г.
- Авторы: Chistyakova I.A., Fursova P.V., Khrushchev S.S., Plyusnina T.Y.
- Журнал: Biophysical Reviews
- Том: 15
- Год издания: 2023
- Издательство: Springer Verlag
- Местоположение издательства: Germany
- Первая страница: 1621
- Последняя страница: 1621
- DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01150-w
- Аннотация: Impaired metabolism of fats and carbohydrates can lead to the development of various pathological conditions and diseases, such as atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes and obesity. The number of people in the world who are overweight or obese has been growing over the past decades, so research on ways to combat excess body weight is quite active. The most commonly used approach to correct weight and improve metabolism is the selection of dietary nutrition. However, the empirical selection of diets may not always be correct, and sometimes fundamentally erroneous due to the characteristics of the metabolism of a particular person. Mathematical models can describe the processes of transformation of various substances and therefore are a very important tool for the study of metabolism. There are many different models of metabolism, including those applied to the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates. Such models can be of varying degrees of detail, depending on the goals of modeling, they can include one or more organs and tissues, many metabolites. However, there is a set of metabolites that are found in most models of carbohydrate-lipid metabolism, which include glucose, triglycerides, fatty acids, and insulin as an effector. In this work, a mathematical model of the carbohydrate-lipid metabolism of the adipocyte was built. The model is a system of thirteen differential equations written according to Michaelis-Menten. The main variables of the model are the concentrations of blood plasma metabolites - glucose, insulin, triglycerides and fatty acids, adipocyte metabolites - glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, fatty acids and fat droplet triglycerides, as well as fats, proteins and carbohydrates, measured in kilocalories, absorbed in the process of nutrition. In the model, insulin acts as an effector: it activates reactions aimed at the formation of lipid droplet triglycerides and inhibits the reactions of their breakdown. The model was verified on three types of data and showed a high level of agreement with experiments. Next, the behavior of the model was studied with a change in the number of meals, as well as with a different ratio of fats and carbohydrates in food. Two, three and five meals a day were considered, for each diet the effects of three types of diets were investigated: low-carbohydrate-high-fat, low-fat-high-carbohydrate, and the diet described in the article, according to which the verification of the model was carried out. It has been shown that with a high fat content in the diet, two-, threeand five meals a day leads to a decrease in the concentration of triglycerides in the fat drop. With normal and carbohydrate meals, two meals a day leads to a decrease, and five meals a day to an increase in the concentration of triglycerides, while three meals a day has a slight effect on their concentration. It has been hypothesized that the differences in triglyceride dynamics in the fat droplet at different numbers of meals are due to the unequal insulin response. The production of insulin in response to an increase in glucose and the entry of glucose into the cell are interdependent processes that activate each other. Despite the same amount of carbohydrates absorbed per day with different frequency of nutrition, the amount of insulin formed per day varies. This is due to the non-linear dependence of the insulin response to an increase in blood glucose concentration. This dependence is a function with saturation, that is, when the glucose level rises above a certain concentration, the insulin response ceases to change. Thus, with two and three meals a day, although the amplitudes of the peaks of glucose concentration after meals differ greatly, the amplitudes of the peaks of insulin concentration practically do not differ, but in one case there are two peaks, and in the other three, due to which an unequal insulin response is observed.
- Добавил в систему: Хрущев Сергей Сергеевич
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