Changes in the Composition and Corrosion-Electrochemical Properties of the Chromium-Nickel Steel 03Cr18Ni11 During Implantation of Argon, Oxygen, and Nitrogen Ionsстатья
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Дата последнего поиска статьи во внешних источниках: 10 июля 2024 г.
Аннотация:The effect of implantation of argon, oxygen, and nitrogen ions on the physicochemical structureof the surface and the corrosion and electrochemical behavior of chromium-nickel steel 03Cr18Ni11 has beenstudied. Methods of electrochemical polarization (EP), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS) were used. Ion implantation of argon, oxygen, and nitrogen leads to an increasein the corrosion resistance of steel 03Cr18Ni11 both in a neutral environment and in the presence of a corro-sion activator (chloride anions), while irradiation with argon ions is most eff ective. It is found that, afterimplantation of argon ions, a partial etching of the steel surface occurs, i.e., an increase in the true surface.This, in turn, facilitates the onset of the passive state. At the same time, the use of oxygen and nitrogen ionsleads to smoothing of the surface. AFM data indicate that the studied steel treated with argon ions exhibitsthe greatest resistance to local corrosion. The implantation of oxygen and argon ions reduces the overall cor-rosion to the greatest extent. It is important to note that deep craters and traces of pitting corrosion do notform on the surface of the steel. The XPS data show that af ter ion implantation, there is a change in the con-centration of the elements that make up the steel in the near-surface layers of the material in the depth of theimplanted layer compared with the unirradiated sample. It is established that the surface layers of steel areenriched in chromium atoms during ion implantation. This process occurs most intensively when samples aretreated with argon ions. In this case, mixed chromium and iron oxides are formed, contributing to the passiv-ation of the steel surface. Also, the process of ion implantation is accompanied by oxidation of the surface ofthe steel under study. This is confirmed by an increase in the oxygen content in the surface layers. To thegreatest extent, this process occurs during the implantation of oxygen ions. After corrosion tests, an increasedchromium content is also ob served on the surface of steel treated with Ar+ ions, which confirms the formationin this case of stable chromium oxides that remain on the surface during the corrosion of steel. The analysisof the f ine structure of the XPS spectra showed that, under the action of argon ions, the oxygen of surfaceoxides is redistributed in favor of chromium atoms and the formation of stable mixed iron and chromiumoxides of the spinel type, including Fe2+, Fe3+, Cr3+, and Cr6+ compounds. It is important to note that,although chromium oxides are also formed during oxygen implantation and in the same quantities as duringargon implantation, the protective properties of the resulting compounds are noticeably lower. Therefore, notonly the chemical composition but also the structure of the resulting layers are important. It can be assumedthat the high kinetic energy of heavy argon ions af fects b oth the formation of developed surface relief and theformation of stable mixed iron and chromium oxides of the spinel type.