Аннотация:Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, traumatic brain injury, bacterial and viral encephalitis, and toxic and metabolic encephalopathies are different pathologies. However, they have much more in common than mightbe apparent at fi rst glance. In this review, the authors address these cerebral pathologies from the point of view of the unity of their pathogenetic mechanisms and approaches to therapy. Particular attention is paidto promising therapeutic approaches such as therapy using cells and their secretion products: the reviewanalyzes the accumulated experimental data and the advantages and limitations of these approaches in thetreatment of brain damage. This review may be of interest both to specialists in neurology, neurosurgery,and neurorehabilitation, and to readers who want to learn more about the progress of regenerative biomedicinein the treatment of cerebral pathologies.