On the direction of carbon dioxide fluxes in the Arctic ocean

Repina, I.A.; Ivanov, V.V.

Авторы: Repina I.A., Ivanov V.V.
Сборник: REPORT SERIES IN AEROSOL SCIENCE
Серия: 163
Том: 163
Тезисы
Год издания: 2015
Место издания: FAAR Helsinki
Первая страница: 382
Последняя страница: 385
Аннотация: Global climatic changes in the Northern hemisphere have led to a remarkable environmental changes in the Arctic Ocean where there has been a noticeable shrinking of the sea-ice cover beginning from the regular satellite observations in 1970s and a rise in temperature and freshening of the Arctic surface waters associated with intensive melting of sea ice. And measurements made along the coast of the Arctic Ocean show that the concentration of carbon dioxide has increased substantially over the past several decades. Uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere leads to decrease in the pH of the World Ocean, causing acidification of the sea water. (Sabine et al., 2004) In the recent years the natural balance of CO2 between the oceans and atmosphere is distorted because of increased import of the anthropogenic carbon. Thus, ocean acidification is driven by increased emissions of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and like global climate change poses a threat to the Earth ecosystems. In a business as usual CO2 emission scenario, oceanic uptake of CO2 will acidify the surface ocean by 0.3–0.4 pH units ([H+] increase by 100–150%) by the end of this century (Caldeira and Wickett, 2003). Two types of forcing are driving increased ocean acidification in the Arctic Ocean and its marginal seas: loss of sea ice and high rates of primary productivity over the continental shelves coupled with increased ocean uptake of anthropogenic CO2. Future sea ice melting may enhance the air-to-sea CO2 flux by ~ 28% per decade (Bates et al., 2006). Rising atmospheric CO2 levels combined with the opening of the central Arctic Ocean due to warming and sea ice retreat will lead to higher pCO2 values in the surface waters of the basin. The direction and magnitude of the CO2 flux through the air–sea interface are regulated primarily by changes in the oceanic pCO2 (Feely et al., 2001), while the drivers of air–sea ice fluxes are under discussion (Semiletov et al., 2007). A number of questions remain, however, about the continental margin carbon cycle. The dominant terms affecting shelf carbon dynamics vary considerably by region, with areas of both large net positive and negative air–sea CO2 fluxes. A global picture of the coastal carbon cycle will only emerge through a network of more intensive observations taken across the most diverse set of environments possible. We present observational results, which demonstrate that in the Arctic Ocean the direction of carbon dioxide fluxes at the ocean/ice/air interface may vary depending on specific conditions.
Добавил в систему: Репина Ирина Анатольевна

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