Аннотация:New data on the gravitational field of the Moon were obtained from two Grail spacecrafts. The spacecrafts were launched on September 10, 2011 and received the names of Ebb and Flow. The probes flew on the same orbit, one after the other at a height of 55 km above the lunar surface.According to the GRAIL mission data, there has been made a unique map of the Moon's gravitational field. The probes revealed the existence of long, hundreds of kilometers, gravity anomalies, here and there coming out to the surface. Most probably, they indicate that under the surface there are long and elongated, narrow "shafts" of dense magma solidified a long time ago. Many volcanic structures have been found by the Grail spacecraft. These are tectonic structures, basins of impact craters, ancient linear gravity anomalies [5, 6]. The article presents the data of the chemical composition of the surface soil layer of the lunar Maria. All measurements have been performed according to the theoretical models of light scattering on the basis of survey of the lunar surface by in-orbit spacecrafts and analysis of the lunar soil samples.