UBAT of UFFO/Lomonosov: The X-Ray Space Telescope to Observe Early Photons from Gamma-Ray Burstsстатья
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Аннотация:The Ultra-Fast Flash Observatory (UFFO) Burst Alert and Trigger Telescope
(UBAT) has been designed and built for the localization of transient X-ray sources such
as Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs). As one of main instruments in the UFFO payload onboard
the Lomonosov satellite (hereafter UFFO/Lomonosov), the UBAT’s roles are to monitor the
X-ray sky, to rapidly locate and track transient sources, and to trigger the slewing of a
UV/optical telescope, namely Slewing Mirror Telescope (SMT). The SMT, a pioneering application of rapid slewing mirror technology has a line of sight parallel to the UBAT, allowing
us to measure the early UV/optical GRB counterpart and study the extremely early
moments of GRB evolution. To detect X-rays, the UBAT utilizes a 191.1 cm2 scintillation
detector composed of Yttrium Oxyorthosilicate (YSO) crystals, Multi-Anode Photomultiplier
Tubes (MAPMTs), and associated electronics. To estimate a direction vector of a GRB
source in its field of view, it employs the well-known coded aperture mask technique. All
functions are written for implementation on a field programmable gate array to enable fast
triggering and to run the device’s imaging algorithms. The UFFO/Lomonosov satellite was
launched on April 28, 2016, and is now collecting GRB observation data. In this study,
we describe the UBAT’s design, fabrication, integration, and performance as a GRB X-ray
trigger and localization telescope, both on the ground and in space.