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PARP1 strongly facilitates transcription through nucleosomes by Pol II and histone eviction in the presence of NAD+ during transcription in vitro; its NAD+-dependent catalytic activity is essential for this process. Olaparib strongly represses PARP1-dependent transcription. The data suggest that negatively charged proteins poly(ADP)-ribosylated by PARP1 interact with positively charged DNA-binding surfaces of histones transiently exposed during transcription, facilitating transcription through chromatin and transcriptiondependent histone eviction/exchange