Аннотация:Abstract: This review summarizes state-of-the-art knowledge in early-generation and novel urinebiomarkers targeting the telomerase pathway for the detection and follow-up of bladder cancer(BC). The limitations of the assays detecting telomerase reactivation are discussed and the potentialof transcription-activating mutations in the promoter of the TERT gene detected in the urine aspromising simple non-invasive BC biomarkers is highlighted. Studies have shown good sensitivityand specificity of the urinary TERT promoter mutations in case-control studies and, more recently, in apilot prospective cohort study, where the marker was detected up to 10 years prior to clinical diagnosis.However, large prospective cohort studies and intervention studies are required to fully validate theirrobustness and assess their clinical utility. Furthermore, it may be interesting to evaluate whether theclinical performance of urinary TERT promoter mutations could increase when combined with othersimple urinary biomarkers. Finally, different approaches for assessment of TERT promoter mutationsin urine samples are presented together with technical challenges, thus highlighting the need ofcareful technological validation and standardization of laboratory methods prior to translation intoclinical practice.